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| Nom | KL-Natzweiler, Germanisation of Natzwiller |
|---|---|
| Classification | category III (one of the most severe) |
| Location | 60 km from Strasbourg, Alsace, France |
| Area of the camp | 4.5 hectares |
| Altitude | 800 metres |
| Facing | north-east, on a 20% slope |
| Climate | in summer: high temperatures, no shade from the sunshine in Autumn: frequent rains, dense fog in winter: icy wind, temperatures between -10° and -20°, 1m50 of snow |
| Deportees' arrival railway station | Rothau, 8 km |
| Distance from the quarry | 1 km |
| Distance from the gas chamber | 1.5 km |
| Means of access | the road built by the detainees |
| Number of nationalities represented | ± 30 |
| Number of detainees in the central camp + camp annexes | ± 52,000 |
| Number of dead | ± 22,000 |
| Mortality rate | 40% |
| Normal population of the central camp | ± 2,000 deportees |
| Peak numbers in the central camp | ± 7,000 deportees |
| Numbers per hut | 150 to 250 deportees |
| Numbers per hut in peak periods | 650 to 750 deportees |
| Shortest internment time | 1 day |
| Longest internment time | 3 years and 6 months (42 months) |
| Average internment time in the camp | between 1 and 6 months |
| Youngest deportee in the camp | aged 11 |
| Oldest deportee in the camp | aged 78 |
| Average age | 20 |
| Uniform | 1 shirt, 1 pair of trousers, 1 jacket, 1 pair of wooden flip-flops – often striped pyjamas or old civilian clothes from other camps |
| Food | breakfast: 1 ladle of "coffee" later in the morning: on the work site, 1 thin slice of black bread and 1 thin slice of sausage lunch: swede turnip or cabbage soup soir : 1 piece of black bread Once a week: 50g of marmelade |
| Number of blocks | in 1944, 17 blocks 15 wooden blocks: 6 dormitories, 5 for the infirmery, 1 for typhus patients, 1 office, 1 kitchen, 1 quarantine; 2 cement-wall blocks: 1 cell block (20 cells and 12 solitary confinement cells) and 1 crematorium block |
| Area of the blocks | 12.50 m wide, 44 m long |
| Layout of the dormitory blocks | rectangular space divided into two wings, one holding the refectory with 12 tables; the other holding bunk beds on 3 levels, plus a separate bedroom for the kapo. In the centre, two wash-basins and toilets |
| 8 watchtowers | 10m high, 3m30 wide, 3m40 long (12 sq m) equipped with powerful swivel projector lamps |
| Barbed wire fences | - double enclosure of electrified barbed wire, 3m high, around the camp, 380 Volts - a third enclosure around the security perimeter marked off the forbidden area |
| Staffing of the camp | - 5 commandants between 1941 and 1944 - 1 garrison of SS Totenkopf ("Skulls") - about 80 men, officers, non-commissioned officers and troopers - sentinels armed with machine guns on top of each watchtower |
Contents
view of the barracks at Natzweiler
© Struthof Museum
