HAFTLING : Detainee, deportee.

HITLERJUGEND: The Hitler Youth was founded in June 1933 by Baldur von Schirach, youth leader since 1931. A December 1936 decree outlawed all non-Nazi youth organisations and required young Germans to join it. By late 1938 there were 7.7 million members, although four million young Germans managed to avoid enrolment. A March 1939 law required all young Germans between the ages of 10 and 18 to join the organisation, which steeped them in Nazi ideology. Every day they had to do paramilitary physical exercises and the Nazi salute, like adults. When boys turned 18 they entered the labour service (Reichsarbeitsdienst).

HOLOCAUST: term borrowed from the Bible meaning "a bloody sacrifice performed for a religious purpose." In late1950s Israel it came into widespread use to mean the destruction of the Jews.

HOME GUARD : On 14 May 1940, Anthony Eden, war minister in the cabinet of Churchill, who became prime minister on 10 May 1940, issued an appeal for Local Defence Volunteers. At Churchill's suggestion, in August 1940 they were named the Home Guard. The government expected 150 000 volunteers, but by late June there were over a million of them, a number that remained virtually unchanged the HG was disbanded in December 1945. They had to be ready in the event of an Axis invasion. During the Blitz the Guard participated in civil defence and helping people.

HOSTAGE: Throughout occupied Europe, Nazi police or military officials shot or deported innocent people and/or Resistance members to intimidate local populations after an attack on the German army. In France, a German ordinance of 21 August 1941 decreed that all French citizens under arrest were considered hostages.

HSSPF : Höherer S.S. und Polizeïführer: supreme leader of the police and S.S.

Hittler exercised State functions (chief of all State Police forces) and political functions (Reichsführer of the S.S.). He established a corps recruited from the S.S. whose members represented him in both roles.